Коды языков - короткие алфавитные или цифровые коды, разработанные для представления языков в обработке данных и коммуникациях.
Разработано несколько различных систем, наиболее известная из которых - ISO 639.
ISO 639
Этот стандарт определяет коды большинства языков:
ISO 639-1 (1998) содержит 2-буквенные сокращения;
ISO 639-2 (2002) содержит 3-буквенные сокращения;
ISO 639-3 (2007) - 3-буквенные сокращения;
Двухбуквенные коды в большинстве своём совпадают с кодами, используемыми в других классификаторах, например:
коды стран по ISO 3166-1,
коды валют по ISO 4217,
доменные имена верхнего уровня стран (ccTLD) в Интернете - с небольшими разночтениями.
| AAIC | Accounting Authority Identification Code |
| AC | Alternating Current |
| ADE | Above Deck Equipment |
| AF | Audio Frequency |
| AGC | Automatic Gain Control |
| AM | Amplitude Modulation |
| AMVER | Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System |
| AOR-E | Atlantic Ocean Region (East) |
| AOR-W | Atlantic Ocean Region (West) |
| ARCC | Aeronautical Rescue Coordinating Centre |
| ARQ | Automatic Repetition reQuest |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| AUSREP | AMVER, operated by the Australian Authorities |
| A1A | Continuous wave telegraphy, Morse code |
| A2A | Telegraphy by the on-off a tone modulated carrier, Morse code: double sideband |
| A3A | Telephony using amplitude modulation: double sideband |
| BBER | Bulletin Board Error Rate |
| BDE | Below Deck Equipment |
| CC | Coast Charge |
| CCIR | International Radio Consultative Committee |
| CCITT | International Consultative Committee for Telegraph and Telephone |
| CEPT | Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications administrations |
| CES | Coast Earth Station (Inmarsat) |
| Ch | Channel |
| CQ | General call to all stations |
| CSS | Coordinator Surface Search |
| DE | Signal used in Morse telegraphy meaning «THIS IS...» |
| DF | Direction Finder |
| DSC | Digital Selective Calling |
| EGC | Enhanced Group Call (Inmarsat) |
| EPIRB | Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon |
| ETA | Estimated Time of Arrival |
| ETD | Estimated Time of Departure |
| FAX | Facsimile |
| FEC | Forward Error Correction |
| FM | Frequency Modulation |
| FSK | Frequency Shift Keying |
| F1B | Telegraphy using frequency modulation (telex) |
| F3E | Telephony using frequency modulation |
| GA+ | Go Ahead (telex) |
| GF | Gold Frank |
| GHz | GigaHertz |
| GMDSS | Global Maritime Distress and Safety System |
| GOC | General Operator's Certificate |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| G3E | Telephony using phase modulation |
| HF | High Frequency (3÷30 MHz) |
| HSD | High Speed Data |
| H2A | Telegraphy by the on-off keying of a tone modulated carrier, Morse code: single sideband, full carrier |
| H3E | Telephone using amplitude modulation: single sideband, full carrier |
| IBM | International Business Machines |
| IC | Integrated Circuit |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
| IF | Intermediate Frequency |
| IHO | International Hydrographic Organization |
| IMN | Inmarsat Mobile Number |
| IMO | International Maritime Organization |
| INMARSAT | INternational MARitime SATellite organization |
| IOR | Indian Ocean Region |
| ITA2 | International Telegraph Alphabet 2 |
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
| J3E | Telephone using amplitude modulation: single sideband suppressed carrier |
| JASREP | AMVER, operated by the Japanese Authorities |
| KHz | KiloHertz |
| КОСПАС/SARSAT | Космическая Система Поиска Аварийных Судов/Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking |
| kW | KiloWatt |
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display |
| LES | Land Earth Station |
| LL | LandLine charge |
| LMES | Land-Mobile Earth Station |
| LSB | Lower Side Band |
| LUT | Local User Terminal (КОСПАС/SARSAT system) |
| MCC | Mission Control Centre (КОСПАС/SARSAT system) |
| MERSAR | MERchant ship Search And Rescue manual |
| MES | Mobile Earth Station |
| Mf | Medium Frequency (300÷3000 kHz) |
| MHz | MegaHertz |
| MID | Maritime Identification Digits |
| MMSI | Maritime Mobile Service Identities |
| MRCC | Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) |
| MS-DOS | MicroSoft Disk Operating System |
| MSI | Maritime Safety Information |
| NAVAREA | NAVigational AREA - short title of an area in the wold-wide navigational warning service |
| NAVTEX | NAVigational TEleX |
| NBDP | Narrow-Band Direct Printing |
| NCS | Network Co-ordination Station (Inmarsat) |
| NM | Nautical Mile |
| NOC | Network Operation Centre (Inmarsat) |
| OBS | Prefix for Meteorological telegrams |
| OCC | Operations Control Centre |
| OSC | On-Scene Commander |
| PC | Personal Computer |
| PCR | Programmable Communication Processor |
| POR | Pacific Ocean Region |
| PRN | PriNter |
| PSDN | Packet Switched Data Network |
| PSTN | Public Switched Telephone Network |
| R3E | Telephony using amplitude modulation: single sideband, reduced carrier |
| RAM | Random Access Memory |
| RCC | Rescue Coordinating Centre (MRCC) |
| ROC | Restricted Operator's Certificate |
| ROM | Read Only Memory |
| RT | Radio Telephony |
| RTM | Radio Telex Modem |
| RX | Receiver |
| SAR | Search And Rescue |
| SARSAT | Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking |
| SART | Search And Rescue Transponder |
| SCANCOMM | Skanti Computerized Advanced Node for Communicating Maritime Messages |
| SDR | Special Drawing Right |
| SelCal | Selective Calling |
| SelFEC | Selective Forward Error Correction (telex) |
| SKANTI | SKANdinavisk TeleIndustry |
| SES | Ship Earth Station |
| SOLAS | Safety Of Life At Sea |
| SS | Ship Station charge (Mobile station charge) |
| SSB | Single Side Band |
| TEL | TELephone (voice) transmission via PSTN |
| TELEX | TELegraphic EXchange |
| TLX | store-and-forward TeLeX |
| TOR | Telex Over Radio |
| TRP | Transmitter Receiver Power supply |
| TV | TeleVision |
| TX | Transmitter, Transmission |
| UHF | Ultra High Frequency |
| USB | Upper Side Band |
| UTC | Universal Coordinated Time |
| VBTLX | Voice Bank and TeLeX transmission via PSTN and TELEX |
| VHF | Very High Frequency (30÷300 MHz) |
| VTS | Vessel Traffic Service |
| W | Watt |
| WARC | World Administrative Radio Conference |
| WMO | World Meteorological Organization |
| WRU | Who aRe yoU? (telex) |
| WT | Wireless Telegraphy (Morse) |
| WWNWS | World Wide Navigational Service |
| Wx | Weather |
